A new alkaloid from Ervatamia hainanensis / 中国中药杂志

In order to study the alkaloids from branches and leaves of Ervatamia hainanensis, silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC chromatography were used to obtain six alkaloids from the branches and leaves of E. hainanensis with use of. Based on the physicochemical properties and spectral data, their structures were identified as 10-hydroxydemethylhirsuteine(1), 3R-hydroxycoronaridine(2), 3-(2-oxopropyl)coronaridine(3), pandine(4), 16-epi-vobasine(5), and 16-epi-vobasinic acid(6). Among them, compound 1 was a new monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, and compounds 5 and 6 were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Jatrogricaine A: a new diterpenoid with a 5/6/6/4 carbon ring system from the stems of Jatropha podagrica / 中国天然药物

Jatrogricaine A (1), a new diterpenoid possessing a 5/6/6/4 carbon ring system, together with eight known diterpenoids (2-9) were isolated from the stems of Jatropha podagrica. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities in vitro, and compound 3 showed significant inhibitory effects against nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells with an IC of 13.44 ± 0.28 μmol·L, being comparable to the positive control, quercetin (IC 17.00 ± 2.10 μmol·L).

Two new diterpenoid lactones isolated from Andrographis paniculata / 中国天然药物

In the present study, two new diterpenoid lactones, 3-deoxy-andrographoside (1) and 14-deoxy-15-methoxy-andrographolide (2), were isolated from the aerial parts of Andrographis paniculata. Their structures were elucidated by combination of NMR, MS, and chemical methods. The configurations of 1 and 2 were established based on the analysis of ROESY data and single crystal X-ray diffraction experiment.

Screening and follow-up treatment of 160 046 neonates with congenital adrenal hyperplasia in Ningxia, China / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the incidence of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and treatment outcomes in neonates in Ningxia, China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of CAH screening for 160 046 neonates who were born in midwifery institutions in Ningxia from July 2014 to March 2016 were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 160 046 neonates who underwent CAH screening, 70 (0.044%) obtained a positive result and 11 were diagnosed with CAH; the incidence rate of CAH was 1/14 550 (0.069‰). Among the 11 neonates diagnosed with CAH, 9 had the salt wasting type (2 died) and 2 had simple virilization. The 9 neonates were given glucocorticoids immediately once diagnosed and all of them achieved good growth and development.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The incidence of neonatal CAH in Ningxia is 1/14 550. It is very necessary to carry out CAH screening in Ningxia, and active treatment can improve the prognosis of neonates with CAH.</p>

Bufadienolides from venom of Bufo bufo gargarizans / 中国中药杂志

Twelve compounds were isolated from the venom of Bufo bufo gargarizans. On the basis of their physical and chemical properties and spectral data, their structures were identified as resibufagenin (1), bufotalin (2), desacetylcinobufagin (3), 19-oxodesacetylcinobufotalin (4), cinobufotalin (5), 1beta-hydroxylbufalin (6), 12alpha-hydroxybufalin (7), bufotalinin (8), Hellebrigenin (9), telocinobufagin (10), hellebrigenol (11) and cinobufagin-3-hemisuberate methyl ester (12), respectively. Compounds 7 and 12 are new natural products.

Controlled observation of non-blister acupoint sticking and electroacupuncture for bronchial asthma / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the differences of clinical efficacy for bronchial asthma between acupoint sticking combined with ginger-separated moxibustion and electroacupuncture combined with ginger-separated moxibustion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>With a randomized and controlled method, one hundred cases were divided into an acupoint sticking + ginger-separated moxibustion group (group A) and an electroacupuncture + ginger-separated moxibustion group (group E), 50 cases in each one. The Dazhui (GV 14), Feishu (BL 13), Tiantu (CV 22) and so on were selected in both groups. The treatment was given on the 1st day of each dog-day period and each nine-day period after the winter solstice separately. The ginger-separated moxibustion was applied in the group A, which was followed by plaster sticking that was made with Chinese herbs (including white mustard seed, rhizoma corydalis, euphorbia kansui, asarum), glycerin and warm ginger juice. The regular acupuncture, electroacupuncture and ginger-separated moxibustion were applied in the group E. The scores of recovery cough, control asthma, respiratory frequency, stuffiness chest, wheezing and markedly and cured effective rate were compared in two groups before and after the treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The markedly and cured effective rate was 72.0% (36/50) in the group A, which was superior to 46.0% (23/50) in the group E (P < 0.05). All the symptom scores in two groups were obviously improved after the treatment, in which group A was superior to group E (all P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The acupoint sticking and ginger-separated moxibustion could obviously improve clinical symptoms in patients with bronchial asthma, and reduce skin irritation of medicine to avoid the blister and relive patients' suffer, which has superior effect to electroacupuncture combined with ginger-separated moxibustion.</p>

Comparison on therapeutic effect between surround needling plus thin cotton moxibustion and Western medicine for herpes zoster / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the therapeutic effect between surround needling plus thin cotton moxibustion and western medicine for herpes zoster.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty cases were randomly divided into a surround needling plus thin cotton moxibustion group (observation group, n = 42) and a western medicine group (control group, n = 38) with a randomized controlled method. The observation group was treated with surround needling around the herpes and thin cotton moxibustion on the surface of the herpes, and the control group with oral administration of Acyclovir tablet plus topical Acyclovir cream. The scores of pain, quantity of herpes, herpes color, anabrosis and exudation changes of herpes and the markedly effective rate in the two groups were compared before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The markedly effective rate was 78.6% (33/42) in the observation group, which was superior to 39.5% in the control group (P < 0.05). All the symptom scores in both the groups were improved obviously after treatment (all P < 0.05), and the observation group was better than the control group (all P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The therapeutic effect of surround needling plus thin cotton moxibustion on herpes zoster is superior to that of routine western medicine.</p>

Detection of beef contaminated by bovine central nervous system tissue by enzyme immunoassay / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study influencing factors of detection of bovine central nervous system (CNS) tissue contaminated beef by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and the method was applied to the detection of imported beef and domestic beef of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Raw beef homogenates containing different concentrations of raw CNS tissue and the same samples which were heated were detected after different time by RIDASCREEN(r) Risk Material 10/5 and RIDASCREEN(r) Probennahme- zubehor Sampling tools kits. PBS suspension and sample dilution buffer (SDB) suspension of bovine brain tissue with the same concentration of the standard were detected. Beef from USA and domestic market of China were then detected by the kits.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The kits could detect both raw and heated CNS tissue in the products with high sensitivity. The absorbance values (AV) increased with the concentrations of CNS in samples. Heating and increasing of time could decrease the absorbance values of the samples which contain CNS tissue. The AV of the PBS suspension of bovine brain tissue was higher than the SDB suspension and the AV of both were higher than the AV of standard of the same concentration. No CNS tissue was detected from all imported beef. No CNS tissue was detected in all samples from domestic market of China except for foxtail.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The EIA method has high sensitivity for detection of bovine CNS tissue contaminated beef with the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as accurate target substance. Heating and increasing of time can lead to decreasing of the AV of samples. Improper slaughter process can lead to contamination of bovine products by bovine CNS tissue.</p>

Comparison study on clinical and neuropathological characteristics of hamsters inoculated with scrapie strain 263K in different challenging pathways / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the infectious characteristics of a hamster-adapted scrapie strain 263K with five different routes of infection including intracerebral (i.c.), intraperitoneal (i.p.), intragastrical (i.g.), intracardiac and intramuscular (i.m.) approaches.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Hamsters were infected with crude- or fine-prepared brain extracts. The neuropathological changes, PrP(Sc) deposits, and patterns of PK-resistant PrP were analyzed by HE stain, immnunohistochemistry (IHC) assay and Western blot. Reactive gliosis and neuron loss were evaluated by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neuron specific enolase (NSE) specific IHC.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The animals inoculated in i.m. and i.p. ways with crude PrP(Sc) extracts showed clinical signs at the average incubation of 69.2 +/- 2.8 and 65.5 +/- 3.9 days. Inoculation in i.c. and intracardiac ways with fine PrP(Sc) extracts (0.00035 g) caused similar, but relative long incubation of around 90 days. Only one out of eight hamsters challenged in i.g. way with low dosage (0.01 g) became ill after a much longer incubation (185 d), while all animals (4/4) with high dosage (0.04 g) developed clinical signs 105 days postinfection. The most remarkable spongiform degeneration and PrP(Sc) deposits were found in brain stem among the five challenge groups generally. The number of GFAP-positive astrocytes increased distinctly in brain stems in all infection groups, while the number of NSE-positive cells decreased significantly in cerebrum, except i.c. group. The patterns of PK-resistant PrP in brains were basically identical among the five infection routes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Typical TSE could be induced in hamsters by inoculating strain 263K in the five infection ways. The incubation periods in bioassays depend on infective dosage, administrating pathway and preparation of PrP(Sc). The neuropathological changes and PrP(Sc) deposits seem to be related with regions and inoculating pathways.</p>